焦化蒸氨废水余热回收利用新技术开发与应用

针对传统焦化蒸氨废水工艺余热未全面回收利用的问题,设计开发了蒸氨废水余热回收利用新技术。通过蒸汽、热水两用型制冷、采暖双工况吸收式热泵机组,可夏季回收蒸氨废水余热制取热水,作为制冷机驱动热源制取工艺冷却水,满足煤气净化回收系统冷却需要,冬季回收蒸氨废水余热并辅以蒸汽为热源生产取暖水,实现了蒸氨废水余热的综合利用,降低了工序能耗,具有较好的经济效益和社会效益。     

超声作用联合纳米腐植酸处理苯酚废水

采用静态吸附法研究了超声联合纳米腐植酸处理苯酚废水;用红外光谱(FT-IR)、扫描电镜(SEM)、比表面积测试仪(BET)对纳米腐植酸的粒径大小、形貌、比表面积及孔径等进行表征,结果表明:纳米腐植酸粒度分布均匀,平均粒径为50 nm,比表面积为110.31 m2/g,孔径为6.56 nm;考察了苯酚初始浓度、纳米腐植酸用量、超声声强及频率等因素对纳米腐植酸和超声作用协同处理苯酚废水的最佳工艺条件。实验结果表明:超声频率为20 kHz,超声声强0.2 W/cm2,苯酚初始质量浓度为100 mg/L,pH值为6.0,溶液体积100 mL,吸附温度40℃,吸附时间120min,纳米腐植酸用量为40 g/L的条件下,纳米腐植酸与超声作用协同处理苯酚废水吸附率可以达到95.7%;吸附剂纳米腐植酸对苯酚的吸附主要受颗粒内扩散所控,其再生循环使用5次后,苯酚的吸附容量仅减少18.9%。     

飞机防冰涂料的研究进展

介绍了防冰涂料的机理以及国内外防冰涂料的研究进展,包括低表面能、形成粗糙表面结构的超疏水涂层,同时分析了将防冰涂料与热除冰技术联合使用的可行性,讨论了防冰涂料应用存在的问题,对防冰涂料的发展趋势进行了分析和展望。     

含2,3,5,6-四氟亚苯基负性液晶合成及液晶性研究

设计并合成了2类含氟液晶化合物,分别为4-[（4-正烷氧基-2,3,5,6-四氟苯基）乙炔基]苯甲酸（2,3-二氟-4-正烷基）苯酯和4-[（4-正烷氧基-2,3,5,6-四氟苯基）乙基]苯甲酸（2,3-二氟-4-正烷基）苯酯,通过偏光显微镜和差示扫描热仪的检测发现,前者全氟乙炔类的液晶化合物为向列相液晶,液晶性能良好,具有较高的清亮点;后者全氟乙基类的液晶化合物不具有液晶性。2类目标化合物分别是通过sonogashira交叉偶联反应和钯催化加氢还原反应得到的。     

负载型钯催化剂在选择加氢反应中的应用

介绍了国内外关于负载型Pd催化剂在苯酚和α,β-不饱和醛选择加氢反应中的研究进展。叙述了添加助剂、改变载体及提高分散度等改性方法对Pd催化剂在苯酚选择性加氢制环己酮反应中催化性能的影响;不同方法修饰的Pd催化剂对α,β-不饱和醛类化合物中C=C键和C=O键催化加氢性能的区别。认为负载型Pd基催化剂对于许多不饱和化合物的液相加氢都具有很高的活性及选择性。研究方向主要有H2来源、离子液体固载化等,以使反应条件尽可能温和、催化剂易分离、易回收,并进一步提高其稳定性。     

羧酸和酰胺转化合成腈的研究进展

叙述了由羧酸经酰胺化和脱水2步法合成腈,及羧酸与氨源及催化剂1步法直接转化合成腈的研究进展,重点阐述了脱水剂或催化剂、溶剂等反应条件,以及反应的适用底物。认为目前开发的酰胺脱水体系大多数方法存在试剂价格高、用量大、腐蚀严重、条件苛刻等缺点,应开发兼具经济性和高活性的脱水试剂或催化剂,羧酸1步法直接合成腈是值得重点研究的方法。     

蓄热段长度对流向变换催化燃烧反应器性能影响的模型研究

在建立低浓度挥发性有机化合物VOCs催化燃烧流向变换反应器一维非均相模型的基础上,编写Matlab程序对模型进行求解。分析在不同的表观气速下,反应器蓄热段长度对反应器性能的影响,着重研究大气速条件下反应器的最佳床层结构比例。计算结果表明,不同的蓄热段长度对反应器性能有很大影响。对于直径0.2 m的反应器,小气速条件下,反应器内最高温度随着蓄热段长度的增大而降低,大气速条件下则相反。在表观气速为0.15 m·s^-1和床层结构比例为1.2~2.0条件下,反应器能达到最佳操作状态。     

Influence of atomizer exit area ratio on the breakup morphology of coaxial air and round water jets

The goal of this article is to study the effect of atomizer exit area ratio on atomizer performance. The experiments are performed on the round liquid jet breakup of seven coaxial air‐blast atomizers with water–air systems. The breakup morphology of liquid jet is observed first. The membrane‐type breakup can be divided into two subregimes called bag‐type breakup and membrane‐fiber breakup, and a correlation of characteristic length on bag‐type breakup regime is obtained. Then, we analyze the influence of atomizer exit area ratio on the breakup morphology of water‐air jets. To obtain reasonable atomization morphology criterions, the atomizer exit area ratio is used to modify the Weber number and momentum flux ratio per unit volume. This method is found to be able to explain different experimental results in the literature, which is also close to the results of round liquid jet in cross air flow and secondary atomization. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 60: 2335–2345, 2014     

Quality‐relevant fault diagnosis with concurrent phase partition and analysis of relative changes for multiphase batch processes

Multiplicity of phases as indicated by changes of process characteristics is an inherent nature of many batch processes for both normal and fault cases. To more efficiently perform online fault diagnosis via reconstruction for multiphase batch processes, the phase nature and the relationship between normal and fault cases within each phase should be deeply addressed. This article proposes a quality‐relevant fault diagnosis strategy with concurrent phase partition and analysis of relative changes for multiphase batch processes. First, a concurrent phase partition algorithm is developed. The basic idea is to track the changes of process characteristics at normal and fault statuses jointly so that multiple sequential modeling phases are identified simultaneously for both normal and fault cases. Then, the relative changes from the normal status to each fault case are analyzed in each phase to reveal the specific fault effects more efficiently. The fault effects are decomposed in two different monitoring subspaces, principal subspace, and residual subspace, by capturing their different roles in removing out‐of‐control signals. The significant increases relative to the normal case are judged to be responsible for the concerned alarm monitoring statistics in each phase. The others are composed of general variations that are deemed to still follow normal rules and thus insignificant to remove alarm monitoring statistics. Those alarm‐responsible fault deviations are then used to develop reconstruction models which can more efficiently recover the fault‐free part for online fault diagnosis. The proposed algorithm is illustrated with a typical multiphase batch process with one normal case and three fault cases. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 60: 2048–2062, 2014     

Oxidation of ZrB2 Nanoparticles at High Temperature under Low Oxygen Pressure

The oxidation of ZrB₂ nanoparticles was observed at high temperature of 1500°C under low oxygen partial pressure of 5 × 10^?2 Pa by an environmental transmission electron microscope. The results demonstrate that the oxidation starts on the surface of ZrB₂ nanoparticles with decomposition of ZrB₂ into ZrO₂ and B₂O₃. The nucleation and growth of ZrO₂ on the surface of ZrB₂ proceed with B₂O₃ being evaporated.